Bird flu, or avian influenza (AI), is a contagious viral infection caused by influenza type A viruses that primarily affect birds but can, in rare cases, infect other species, including humans. The most serious strains are Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), such as H5N1 and H5N8, which can cause rapid death in poultry flocks and even pose risks to public health.
The virus is spread through droppings, saliva, mucus, contaminated equipment, and shared water or feed. Wild birds, especially migratory waterfowl, often carry and spread the virus without symptoms.
Chickens are highly susceptible to both low pathogenic and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Symptoms can vary based on the strain.
Note: Chickens infected with HPAI may die within 24–48 hours of symptom onset. Immediate action is essential.
🔗 USDA Avian Influenza Information for Poultry Owners
Turkeys are also extremely vulnerable to bird flu and can experience severe disease even with milder strains.
Turkeys may also display neurological symptoms such as head twisting or difficulty standing if the virus affects the brain.
🔗 USDA Avian Influenza in Turkeys
Waterfowl such as ducks and geese often act as silent carriers of avian influenza, meaning they can be infected and shed the virus without showing symptoms.
Wild waterfowl are a major source of transmission, especially during spring and fall migrations.
🔗 CDC on Bird Flu in Wild Birds
As of 2024, there have been documented cases of H5N1 bird flu infecting dairy cows in the U.S.—a significant development in cross-species transmission.
While transmission to cattle is rare, these cases underscore the importance of biosecurity across livestock operations.
🔗 USDA: HPAI Detected in Dairy Cattle
While uncommon, both cats and dogs can contract H5N1 if they come into contact with infected birds or eat raw poultry.
Outdoor cats who hunt wild birds may be at higher risk. Keep pets away from sick or dead birds at all times.
Although rare, certain strains of avian flu like H5N1 and H7N9 can infect humans—primarily through direct contact with infected birds, droppings, or contaminated environments. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission in most cases.
Anyone working with poultry should wear protective gear and report unusual bird deaths to their state veterinarian.
Currently, there is no widespread vaccine program for bird flu in U.S. poultry due to export trade limitations. However, trials are underway.
Managing a poultry operation—big or small—requires staying on top of animal health, feed changes, and egg production. With the FarmKeep app, you can:
By documenting these details, you’ll spot red flags faster, which is especially critical during times of outbreak risk.
If you notice suspicious symptoms in your birds:
Bird flu is a serious but manageable threat—especially if you're informed and proactive. By understanding the symptoms in chickens, turkeys, ducks, cattle, and even humans, you can take steps to protect your animals and your community. Implement strong biosecurity, monitor your flock with digital tools like FarmKeep, and stay up to date with CDC and USDA alerts.
